What does Vr , V+ , V- , 4.5V mean?

benobo · Post by **benobo** » 28 Sep 2010, 09:13

Hello everyone,

i am a beginner and try to get around a few things. I try to understand how schematics work and it is getting clearer everyday.
so my basic question is: what does Vr , V+ , V- , 4.5V mean in a schematic ? and where should i connect them to ?

Thank you for your time.

dune2k · Post by **dune2k** » 28 Sep 2010, 11:27

V+ = Usually 9V in our circuits. Connect it to the +-pole of your battery/power supply. Sometimes also noted as +9V or similar (if there's another voltage, say +18V).
V- = Ground, - pole of battery. Also sometimes noted as GND, -9V or similar.
Vr = A somewhat altered V+. When using opamps it's usually around 4.5V for virtual ground.
4.5V = 4.5V. See above.

Basically you connect all the points in a schematic marked the same (Vr & Vr/V+ & V+/V & V-) together.

benobo · Post by **benobo** » 28 Sep 2010, 11:46

thank you very much for help.