Let's have a chat about Silicon clipping diodes

Frequent question abouts LED and other types of diodes.
User avatar
Greg
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 3047
Joined: 03 Nov 2007, 09:35
my favorite amplifier: Tophat Emplexador & Supreme 16.
Completed builds: LOTS..
Location: Australia
Has thanked: 64 times
Been thanked: 163 times

Post by Greg »

DrNomis wrote:Just to put things into perspective,here are some screenshots of what "real" tube/valve distortion really looks like.... :)
Where did those pics come from DrNomis ?

The 12AX7 ones look a bit strange.. very non-symmetrical, and the sloped lines on the upper part of the trace looks like they're being affected by the protection capacitor in the scope.
culturejam wrote: We are equal opportunity exposure artists.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

Greg_G wrote:
DrNomis wrote:Just to put things into perspective,here are some screenshots of what "real" tube/valve distortion really looks like.... :)
Where did those pics come from DrNomis ?

The 12AX7 ones look a bit strange.. very non-symmetrical, and the sloped lines on the upper part of the trace looks like they're being affected by the protection capacitor in the scope.


The pics of the 12AX7 preamp tube distortion are some screenshots I took of a 1kHz Sinewave from my Hameg Function Generator, being sent through one of my Baja Real Tube Overdrive pedals, and the resulting signal distortion, the two EL34 Power Pentode screenshots are a 1kHz Sinewave signal from the Hameg F/G being sent into my guitar amp head, showing what the power valves do to the signal when overdriven,I posted these pics so we could compare the signal clipping of diodes to what you get with overdriven valves.... :)


And yes,the input capacitor in a scope probe may have an effect on the waveform if the probe isn't properly compensated.... :)


It's common to see that type of assymetric clipping in valve distortion,the sharp clipping at the top of the waveform is due to the valve outputs being loaded..... :)
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
Greg
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 3047
Joined: 03 Nov 2007, 09:35
my favorite amplifier: Tophat Emplexador & Supreme 16.
Completed builds: LOTS..
Location: Australia
Has thanked: 64 times
Been thanked: 163 times

Post by Greg »

OK.. but the Baja Real Tube is a starved plate design isn't it ?
If so, I don't think it's really indicative of an amp design/clipping.

I think the sloping lines are from a capacitor charging.
culturejam wrote: We are equal opportunity exposure artists.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

Greg_G wrote:OK.. but the Baja Real Tube is a starved plate design isn't it ?
If so, I don't think it's really indicative of an amp design/clipping.

I think the sloping lines are from a capacitor charging.


Yes it is true that the Baja Real Tube is a starved plate voltage system, I agree, however I've also been able to produce the same type of clipping when running a 12AX7 valve at 250V DC or even 300V DC, it just takes a bit more signal level to produce the clipping, since the higher operating voltages increase the headroom of the circuit.... :)


The sloping lines could also be caused by phase-shift effects at low frequencies too.... :)


I have a guitar amp head that I built, here with me in my flat, the preamp is running on 260V dc, and the power amp runs on 370V DC,the supply current is probably about 200mA.... :)
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
Greg
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 3047
Joined: 03 Nov 2007, 09:35
my favorite amplifier: Tophat Emplexador & Supreme 16.
Completed builds: LOTS..
Location: Australia
Has thanked: 64 times
Been thanked: 163 times

Post by Greg »

DrNomis wrote: The sloping lines could also be caused by phase-shift effects at low frequencies too.... :)
:)
I can't really see how phase shift would cause that... it's a change in output level during the clipped period
... and you're using a pure 1KHz sinewave anyway.
culturejam wrote: We are equal opportunity exposure artists.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

Greg_G wrote:
DrNomis wrote: The sloping lines could also be caused by phase-shift effects at low frequencies too.... :)
:)
I can't really see how phase shift would cause that... it's a change in output level during the clipped period
... and you're using a pure 1KHz sinewave anyway.


Anyway,what you see in the pics are the results I got with what I had access to,I thought that it would be a good idea to post the pics here so that we could do comparisons..... :)


Other people may get similar or different results with the equipment they have access to,and they're welcome to post screenshots here if they like.... :)
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
Greg
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 3047
Joined: 03 Nov 2007, 09:35
my favorite amplifier: Tophat Emplexador & Supreme 16.
Completed builds: LOTS..
Location: Australia
Has thanked: 64 times
Been thanked: 163 times

Post by Greg »

DrNomis wrote:Anyway,what you see in the pics are the results I got with what I had access to,I thought that it would be a good idea to post the pics here so that we could do comparisons..... :)

Other people may get similar or different results with the equipment they have access to,and they're welcome to post screenshots here if they like.... :)
I wasn't knocking DrNomis.. just discussing.. :thumbsup
:hug:

If you're gonna design something and aim at a waveform, it's pretty important to start with the right waveform to shoot for.

I tried to find some pics with a web search and didn't have a lot of luck, but I did find a couple of an AC30.
I hope the owner doesn't mind me borrowing them.
Attachments
Distorted at "Crunch" level.
Distorted at "Crunch" level.
Fairly clean
Fairly clean
culturejam wrote: We are equal opportunity exposure artists.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

Greg_G wrote:
DrNomis wrote:Anyway,what you see in the pics are the results I got with what I had access to,I thought that it would be a good idea to post the pics here so that we could do comparisons..... :)

Other people may get similar or different results with the equipment they have access to,and they're welcome to post screenshots here if they like.... :)
I wasn't knocking DrNomis.. just discussing.. :thumbsup
:hug:

If you're gonna design something and aim at a waveform, it's pretty important to start with the right waveform to shoot for.

I tried to find some pics with a web search and didn't have a lot of luck, but I did find a couple of an AC30.
I hope the owner doesn't mind me borrowing them.


No worries mate, discussion is good, that's how people can learn from each other.... :)

Believe it or not,it is actualy very hard to get a good distortion sound out of a tube amp, alot of work needs to go into it, it is easy to add gain but very hard to get it sounding good, and I have alot of respect for designers who can successfully get good sounds,eg Peavey (their 5150 series Amps), Marshall, Vox, Soldano, etc.... :)


Those screenshots you posted look interesting, maybe the clipping you see on the screens is what we should be aiming for with diodes... :hmmm:
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
Greg
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 3047
Joined: 03 Nov 2007, 09:35
my favorite amplifier: Tophat Emplexador & Supreme 16.
Completed builds: LOTS..
Location: Australia
Has thanked: 64 times
Been thanked: 163 times

Post by Greg »

DrNomis wrote: No worries mate, discussion is good, that's how people can learn from each other.... :)

Believe it or not,it is actualy very hard to get a good distortion sound out of a tube amp, alot of work needs to go into it, it is easy to add gain but very hard to get it sounding good, and I have alot of respect for designers who can successfully get good sounds,eg Peavey (their 5150 series Amps), Marshall, Vox, Soldano, etc.... :)
I agree.

There are some great sounding Boutique amps around.. but I guess they're more a refinement and tuning of a previous circuit.
A lot like the world of effects..
culturejam wrote: We are equal opportunity exposure artists.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

Greg_G wrote:
DrNomis wrote: No worries mate, discussion is good, that's how people can learn from each other.... :)

Believe it or not,it is actualy very hard to get a good distortion sound out of a tube amp, alot of work needs to go into it, it is easy to add gain but very hard to get it sounding good, and I have alot of respect for designers who can successfully get good sounds,eg Peavey (their 5150 series Amps), Marshall, Vox, Soldano, etc.... :)
I agree.

There are some great sounding Boutique amps around.. but I guess they're more a refinement and tuning of a previous circuit.
A lot like the world of effects..


When I built my guitar amp head,I went through so many preamp circuit revisions that I lost count, all done to try and get a good sound out of it, I learnt a great deal from it though... :)

And yeah, there are quite a few good boutique amp builders around ... :)
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
billonious
Breadboard Brother
Information
Posts: 96
Joined: 07 Dec 2009, 20:52
Has thanked: 4 times
Been thanked: 11 times

Post by billonious »

DrNomis wrote: Believe it or not,it is actualy very hard to get a good distortion sound out of a tube amp, alot of work needs to go into it, it is easy to add gain but very hard to get it sounding good, and I have alot of respect for designers who can successfully get good sounds,eg Peavey (their 5150 series Amps), Marshall, Vox, Soldano, etc.... :)
:
true, very true. Τhis is an answer to those who credit tubes with divine qualities. The design makes the good sound, not the tube itself.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

billonious wrote:
DrNomis wrote: Believe it or not,it is actualy very hard to get a good distortion sound out of a tube amp, alot of work needs to go into it, it is easy to add gain but very hard to get it sounding good, and I have alot of respect for designers who can successfully get good sounds,eg Peavey (their 5150 series Amps), Marshall, Vox, Soldano, etc.... :)
:
true, very true. Τhis is an answer to those who credit tubes with divine qualities. The design makes the good sound, not the tube itself.


That's right,the tube is just an active device that produces gain when connected up in a circuit,it also produces harmonics that weren't originally in the signal,this is due to the inherent non-linearities that is always present in tubes.... :)


But I always find them fascinating devices to work with.... :)
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

User avatar
blackbunny
Resistor Ronker
Information
Posts: 372
Joined: 07 Jan 2011, 07:41
my favorite amplifier: Fender Blackface
Completed builds: Lots of mods to lots of pedals
Location: the garage
Has thanked: 271 times
Been thanked: 105 times

Post by blackbunny »

At the risk of being a smartarse, after following the progress of this topic it's apparent that there are lots of possible tones / waveforms when trying to produce 'tubelike' ('valvelike' for Aussies & Brits) overdrives and distortions.

Just take the difference between symmetrical and non-symmetrical clipping. There you have a major stompbox milestone, encapsulated neatly back in the mid 70's: the Maxon / TS symmetrical clipping versus the very similar Boss OD-1 with asymmetrical clipping.

Since most tube / valve output stages tend to clip fairly symmetrically if they're biased properly and the tubes / valves are reasonably well matched, and they tend to emphasize even-order harmonics which make a smooth sounding distortion, the magic distortion ingredient in the 60's was the transistor fuzz, which could produce spiky, asymmetrical waveforms loaded with (harsh sounding) odd-order harmonics. Plug a nasty fuzz into a smooth-sounding valve amp and PRESTO! Magic!

IMO, the 70's stompbox revolution was launched by the difference between symmetrical and non-symmetrical clipping, conveniently (and cheaply) created by diodes, and we're still exploring the possibilities over 30 years later.

User avatar
DrNomis
Old Solderhand
Information
Posts: 6801
Joined: 16 Jul 2009, 04:56
my favorite amplifier: Self-Built Valve Amp Head :)
Completed builds: Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face,Tone Bender Professional Mk 3,Tone Bender 3-Knob,Baja BK Butler Tube Driver,Baja Real Tube Overdrive,Roger Mayer Octavia,EH Soul Preacher,Tech 21 XXL Distortion,MFOS Weird Sound Generator.
Location: Darwin,Northern Territory Australia
Has thanked: 98 times
Been thanked: 274 times

Post by DrNomis »

blackbunny wrote:At the risk of being a smartarse, after following the progress of this topic it's apparent that there are lots of possible tones / waveforms when trying to produce 'tubelike' ('valvelike' for Aussies & Brits) overdrives and distortions.

Just take the difference between symmetrical and non-symmetrical clipping. There you have a major stompbox milestone, encapsulated neatly back in the mid 70's: the Maxon / TS symmetrical clipping versus the very similar Boss OD-1 with asymmetrical clipping.

Since most tube / valve output stages tend to clip fairly symmetrically if they're biased properly and the tubes / valves are reasonably well matched, and they tend to emphasize even-order harmonics which make a smooth sounding distortion, the magic distortion ingredient in the 60's was the transistor fuzz, which could produce spiky, asymmetrical waveforms loaded with (harsh sounding) odd-order harmonics. Plug a nasty fuzz into a smooth-sounding valve amp and PRESTO! Magic!

IMO, the 70's stompbox revolution was launched by the difference between symmetrical and non-symmetrical clipping, conveniently (and cheaply) created by diodes, and we're still exploring the possibilities over 30 years later.


It's actually the other way around, symmetrical clipping produces odd-order harmonics only, this is due to the resulting waveshape being somewhat square-shaped, Square Waves tend to sound hollow and slightly muffled to the human ear.... :)

Contrast that with asymmetrical clipping, which contains both odd and even-order harmonics, the odd harmonics are caused by the sharpness of the clipping, and the even-order harmonics are caused by the asymmetry, the more asymmetric the waveform, the more prominent are the even-order harmonics, assymmetric clipping will therefore sound brighter and louder to the human ear.... :)

A Sawtooth waveform also contains both odd and even-order harmonics too,as evidenced by the sharp corners and obvious waveform asymmetry,a sawtooth waveform tends to have a bright brassy sound to the human ear.... :)


Check out this link:


http://milbert.com/articles/tubes_vs_transistors
Genius is not all about 99% perspiration, and 1% inspiration - sometimes the solution is staring you right in the face.-Frequencycentral.

Post Reply